Revealed about Abu Lahab, the Prophet’s uncle, and his wife, Umm Jamil, foretelling their doom and entry into Hell. Surah Al-Masad is a Meccan surah, revealed early in the prophethood, being the sixth surah revealed after Al-Fatihah, consisting of 5 verses, placed 111th in the Quran, within the 30th part. Other names include Surah Tabbat, Abi Lahab, and Al-Masad. This article will delve into The Story of Surah Al-Masad.
1. The reason for the revelation of Surah Al-Masad
2. Abu Lahab’s relation to the Prophet ﷺ
3. Abu Lahab’s hostility towards the Prophet ﷺ
4. Acts of Abu Lahab’s wife against the Prophet ﷺ
5. The fate of Abu Lahab and his wife in The Story of Surah Al-Masad
6. The indication of the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ prophethood through Surah Al-Masad.
Firstly: The reason for the revelation of Surah Al-Masad:
According to Bukhari and Muslim, with the wording of Muslim, Ibn Abbas narrated: “When the verse ‘And warn your closest kindred’ (Quran 26:214) was revealed, the Prophet ﷺ ascended Mount Safa and called out: ‘Oh, people!’ They gathered around him. He said: ‘O sons of so-and-so, O sons of so-and-so, O sons of Abdul Muttalib, I have come as a warner to you of a severe punishment.’ Abu Lahab responded: ‘May you perish! Is this why you gathered us?’ Thus, this surah was revealed: ‘May the hands of Abu Lahab be ruined, and ruined is he.’”
When his wife heard what was revealed about her and her husband, she approached the Prophet ﷺ, who was sitting by the Kaaba with Abu Bakr. She carried a stone and, blinded by Allah from seeing the Prophet ﷺ, saw only Abu Bakr. She said: ‘O Abu Bakr, your companion has insulted me. If I saw him, I would strike his mouth with this stone. I am indeed a poet: “We have disobeyed the blameworthy, rejected his command, and spurned his religion.”’ She then departed. Abu Bakr asked: ‘O Messenger of Allah, did she not see you?’ The Prophet ﷺ replied: ‘No, Allah blinded her vision from me.’”
Secondly: Abu Lahab’s relation to the Prophet ﷺ:
Named Abdul-Uzza ibn Abdul Muttalib, his father nicknamed him Abu Lahab due to the radiant glow of his face, likened to a flaming torch. He was the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ uncle and father-in-law, as his sons married the Prophet’s daughters, Ruqayyah and Umm Kulthum.
Thirdly: Abu Lahab’s hostility towards the Prophet ﷺ:
Despite their kinship, Abu Lahab was one of the Prophet’s staunchest adversaries, persistently harming and denying his message. He warned traders and pilgrims against the Prophet ﷺ, spreading lies to prevent them from hearing the message of Islam.
Fourthly: Acts of Abu Lahab’s wife against the Prophet ﷺ:
Umm Jamil, sister of Abu Sufyan, nicknamed by the Quran as the carrier of firewood, frequently harmed the Prophet ﷺ. She would place thorns in his path at night and forced her sons to divorce the Prophet’s daughters. She once donated her gold necklace to harm the Prophet ﷺ, resulting in her punishment with a rope of palm fiber in Hell. When the revelation paused briefly, she mocked the Prophet ﷺ, prompting the revelation of Surah Ad-Duha: ‘By the morning brightness, and by the night when it covers, your Lord has not forsaken you, nor has He detested’ (Quran 93:1-3).
Fifthly: The fate of Abu Lahab and his wife in The Story of Surah Al-Masad:
The Quran unequivocally states that Abu Lahab and his wife, the carrier of firewood, will be consigned to Hell.
Sixthly: The indication of the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ prophethood through Surah Al-Masad:
A testament to the Prophet’s ﷺ prophethood is the prediction in Surah Al-Masad of Abu Lahab’s eternal damnation, implying he would die a disbeliever. Despite having the opportunity, Abu Lahab did not convert to Islam, affirming the truth of the revelation.
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